See byword on Wiktionary
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "byword" }, "expansion": "Middle English byword", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bīword" }, "expansion": "Old English bīword", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bīwurdī" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "by", "3": "word" }, "expansion": "by- + word", "name": "pre" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "proverbium" }, "expansion": "Latin proverbium", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "goh", "2": "pīwurti", "3": "", "4": "proverb" }, "expansion": "Old High German pīwurti (“proverb”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "bīspel", "3": "", "4": "proverb, example" }, "expansion": "Old English bīspel (“proverb, example”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "bijwoord", "3": "", "4": "adverb" }, "expansion": "Dutch bijwoord (“adverb”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English byword, byworde (“proverb”), from Old English bīword, bīwyrd, bīwyrde (“proverb, household word\", also \"adverb”), from Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī, equivalent to by- + word. Compare Latin proverbium, which byword may possibly be a translation of. Cognate with Old High German pīwurti (“proverb”). Compare also Old English bīspel (“proverb, example”), bīcwide (“byword, proverb, tale, fable”), Dutch bijwoord (“adverb”).", "forms": [ { "form": "bywords", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "byword (plural bywords)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "bispel" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "byspel" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "21 24 20 25 9", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 25 20 15 17", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms prefixed with by-", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "16 20 27 31 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 28 16 22 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 27 20 25 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Dutch translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 19 24 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with French translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 20 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with German translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 28 17 21 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Icelandic translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 20 24 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Italian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 20 24 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Japanese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 28 17 21 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Korean translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 29 16 17 14", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 27 17 23 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Maori translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 27 20 23 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Middle English translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 28 20 26 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Russian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 27 21 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Spanish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 28 17 21 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Swedish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "A proverb or proverbial expression, common saying; a frequently used word or phrase." ], "id": "en-byword-en-noun-I5rDJSeB", "links": [ [ "proverb", "proverb" ], [ "proverbial", "proverbial" ], [ "saying", "saying" ], [ "word", "word" ], [ "phrase", "phrase" ] ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "pogovórka", "sense": "a proverb", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "погово́рка" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "géyán", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "格言" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "民諺" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "mínyàn", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "民谚" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "spreekwoord" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "vanasõna" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a proverb", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "proverbe" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a proverb", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "Sprichwort" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "málsháttur" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "máltæki" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "proverbio" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kotowaza", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "ことわざ" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "alt": "ことわざ", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kotowaza", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "諺" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "sokdam", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "속담" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "pepeha" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "byword" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "a proverb", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "dito" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pogovórka", "sense": "a proverb", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "погово́рка" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prítča vo jazýcex", "sense": "a proverb", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "при́тча во язы́цех" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pribaútka", "sense": "a proverb", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "прибау́тка" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "refrán" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "proverbio" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "estribillo" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "ordspråk" }, { "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "ordstäv" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "21 24 20 25 9", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 25 20 15 17", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms prefixed with by-", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "16 20 27 31 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 28 16 22 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 27 20 25 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Dutch translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "19 34 18 20 9", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Estonian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 19 24 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with French translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 20 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with German translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 28 17 21 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Icelandic translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 20 24 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Italian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 20 24 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Japanese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 28 17 21 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Korean translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 29 16 17 14", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 27 17 23 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Maori translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 27 20 23 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Middle English translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "20 34 18 19 9", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 28 20 26 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Russian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 27 21 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Spanish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 28 17 21 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Swedish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "A characteristic word or expression; a word or phrase associated with a person or group." ], "id": "en-byword-en-noun-d45ZQj26" }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "21 24 20 25 9", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 25 20 15 17", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms prefixed with by-", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "18 22 30 24 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "16 20 27 31 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 28 16 22 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 27 20 25 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Dutch translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 19 24 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with French translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 20 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with German translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 28 17 21 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Icelandic translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 20 24 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Italian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 20 24 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Japanese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 28 17 21 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Korean translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 29 16 17 14", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 27 17 23 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Maori translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 27 20 23 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Middle English translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 28 20 26 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Russian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 27 21 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Spanish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 28 17 21 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Swedish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1846, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Christmas Banquet”, in Mosses from an Old Manse:", "text": "Illustrious unfortunates attract a wider sympathy, not because their griefs are more intense, but because, being set on lofty pedestals, they the better serve mankind as instances and bywords of calamity.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Someone or something that stands as an example (i.e. metonymically) for something else, by having some of that something's characteristic traits." ], "id": "en-byword-en-noun-o4jk3SID", "links": [ [ "example", "example" ], [ "metonymically", "metonymy" ] ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "12 20 34 23 10", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "someone who stands for something else", "word": "spotnaam" }, { "_dis1": "12 20 34 23 10", "code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "someone who stands for something else", "word": "isiksus" }, { "_dis1": "12 20 34 23 10", "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "someone who stands for something else", "word": "mūrau" }, { "_dis1": "12 20 34 23 10", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "olicetvorenije", "sense": "someone who stands for something else", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "олицетворение" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "21 24 20 25 9", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 25 20 15 17", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms prefixed with by-", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "17 20 19 36 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Entries with translation boxes", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "16 20 27 31 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 28 16 22 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 27 20 25 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Dutch translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 19 24 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with French translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 20 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with German translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 28 17 21 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Icelandic translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 20 24 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Italian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 28 20 24 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Japanese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 28 17 21 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Korean translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 29 16 17 14", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 27 17 23 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Maori translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 27 20 23 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Middle English translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 28 20 26 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Russian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 27 21 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Spanish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 28 17 21 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Swedish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 17:6:", "text": "He hath made me also a byword of the people […]", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1890, Oscar Wilde, chapter XII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray:", "text": "\"I know you and Harry are inseparable. Surely for that reason, if for none other, you should not have made his sister's name a by-word.\"", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "An object of notoriety or contempt, scorn or derision." ], "id": "en-byword-en-noun-~sn1cHSJ", "links": [ [ "object", "object" ], [ "notoriety", "notoriety" ], [ "contempt", "contempt" ], [ "scorn", "scorn" ], [ "derision", "derision" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "24 25 20 15 17", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms prefixed with by-", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 28 16 22 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 28 17 21 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Icelandic translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 28 17 21 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Korean translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 29 16 17 14", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 27 17 23 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Maori translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 28 17 21 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Swedish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "A nickname or epithet." ], "id": "en-byword-en-noun-8~fiLQLj", "links": [ [ "nickname", "nickname" ], [ "epithet", "epithet" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈbaɪ.wə(ɹ)d/", "tags": [ "UK" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vanderdecken-byword.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav.ogg" }, { "ipa": "/ˈbaɪ.wɚd/", "tags": [ "US" ] } ], "word": "byword" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "byword" }, "expansion": "English: byword", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: byword" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "bīword" }, "expansion": "Old English bīword", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bīwurdī" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "by-", "3": "word" }, "expansion": "by- + word", "name": "af" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English bīword, modified from earlier bīwyrde, from Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī; equivalent to by- + word.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "byword", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Middle English terms prefixed with by-", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Talking", "orig": "enm:Talking", "parents": [ "Human behaviour", "Language", "Human", "Communication", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "byword" ], "id": "en-byword-enm-noun-Xh7nuLX6", "links": [ [ "byword", "byword#English" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "biword" }, { "word": "biworde" }, { "word": "bywoorde" }, { "word": "by-word" }, { "word": "byworde" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈbiːˌwurd/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈbiːˌwoːrd/" } ], "word": "byword" }
{ "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms prefixed with by-", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "byword" }, "expansion": "Middle English byword", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bīword" }, "expansion": "Old English bīword", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bīwurdī" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "by", "3": "word" }, "expansion": "by- + word", "name": "pre" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "proverbium" }, "expansion": "Latin proverbium", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "goh", "2": "pīwurti", "3": "", "4": "proverb" }, "expansion": "Old High German pīwurti (“proverb”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "bīspel", "3": "", "4": "proverb, example" }, "expansion": "Old English bīspel (“proverb, example”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "bijwoord", "3": "", "4": "adverb" }, "expansion": "Dutch bijwoord (“adverb”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English byword, byworde (“proverb”), from Old English bīword, bīwyrd, bīwyrde (“proverb, household word\", also \"adverb”), from Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī, equivalent to by- + word. Compare Latin proverbium, which byword may possibly be a translation of. Cognate with Old High German pīwurti (“proverb”). Compare also Old English bīspel (“proverb, example”), bīcwide (“byword, proverb, tale, fable”), Dutch bijwoord (“adverb”).", "forms": [ { "form": "bywords", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "byword (plural bywords)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "word": "bispel" }, { "word": "byspel" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "A proverb or proverbial expression, common saying; a frequently used word or phrase." ], "links": [ [ "proverb", "proverb" ], [ "proverbial", "proverbial" ], [ "saying", "saying" ], [ "word", "word" ], [ "phrase", "phrase" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "A characteristic word or expression; a word or phrase associated with a person or group." ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1846, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Christmas Banquet”, in Mosses from an Old Manse:", "text": "Illustrious unfortunates attract a wider sympathy, not because their griefs are more intense, but because, being set on lofty pedestals, they the better serve mankind as instances and bywords of calamity.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Someone or something that stands as an example (i.e. metonymically) for something else, by having some of that something's characteristic traits." ], "links": [ [ "example", "example" ], [ "metonymically", "metonymy" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 17:6:", "text": "He hath made me also a byword of the people […]", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1890, Oscar Wilde, chapter XII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray:", "text": "\"I know you and Harry are inseparable. Surely for that reason, if for none other, you should not have made his sister's name a by-word.\"", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "An object of notoriety or contempt, scorn or derision." ], "links": [ [ "object", "object" ], [ "notoriety", "notoriety" ], [ "contempt", "contempt" ], [ "scorn", "scorn" ], [ "derision", "derision" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "A nickname or epithet." ], "links": [ [ "nickname", "nickname" ], [ "epithet", "epithet" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈbaɪ.wə(ɹ)d/", "tags": [ "UK" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vanderdecken-byword.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav.ogg" }, { "ipa": "/ˈbaɪ.wɚd/", "tags": [ "US" ] } ], "translations": [ { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "pogovórka", "sense": "a proverb", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "погово́рка" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "géyán", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "格言" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "民諺" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "mínyàn", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "民谚" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "spreekwoord" }, { "code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "vanasõna" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a proverb", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "proverbe" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a proverb", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "Sprichwort" }, { "code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "málsháttur" }, { "code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "máltæki" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "proverbio" }, { "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kotowaza", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "ことわざ" }, { "alt": "ことわざ", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kotowaza", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "諺" }, { "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "sokdam", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "속담" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "pepeha" }, { "code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "byword" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "a proverb", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "dito" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pogovórka", "sense": "a proverb", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "погово́рка" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prítča vo jazýcex", "sense": "a proverb", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "при́тча во язы́цех" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pribaútka", "sense": "a proverb", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "прибау́тка" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "refrán" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "proverbio" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "estribillo" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "ordspråk" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a proverb", "word": "ordstäv" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "someone who stands for something else", "word": "spotnaam" }, { "code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "someone who stands for something else", "word": "isiksus" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "someone who stands for something else", "word": "mūrau" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "olicetvorenije", "sense": "someone who stands for something else", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "олицетворение" } ], "word": "byword" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "byword" }, "expansion": "English: byword", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: byword" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "bīword" }, "expansion": "Old English bīword", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bīwurdī" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "by-", "3": "word" }, "expansion": "by- + word", "name": "af" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English bīword, modified from earlier bīwyrde, from Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī; equivalent to by- + word.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "byword", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English terms prefixed with by-", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "enm:Talking" ], "glosses": [ "byword" ], "links": [ [ "byword", "byword#English" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈbiːˌwurd/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈbiːˌwoːrd/" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "biword" }, { "word": "biworde" }, { "word": "bywoorde" }, { "word": "by-word" }, { "word": "byworde" } ], "word": "byword" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.